Treaty rights
Indigenous RightsRights held by First Nations as set out in treaties signed with the Crown. These can include rights to land, hunting, fishing, education, health, and annuity payments. Treaty rights are constitutionally protected under Section 35 of the Constitution Act, 1982.
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Self-government agreement
A negotiated agreement between a First Nation and the federal (and sometimes provincial) government that transfers governance powers from the Indian Act to the community. Self-governing nations set their own rules around taxation, land management, and financial administration.
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Specific claim
A claim made by a First Nation against the federal government for failing to meet obligations under historic treaties or for mismanaging band funds or reserve lands. Successful claims result in financial compensation, which may be distributed to members as per-capita payments.